Quantum Theory from First Principles

In summary, the book "Quantum Theory from First Principles" by D'Ariano et al, recommended by @LittleSchwinger, is a concise and rigorous examination of the Hilbert space formalism of quantum theory and its relationship with information theory. It also provides a derivation of quantum theory from six information theoretic principles. The book does not focus on specific physical systems, but rather on the abstract formalism of quantum theory. The exercises are well-crafted and serve as a guided development of ideas from the text.